1) The Ankle and Foot
Related Anatomy
The body of the talus lays between the medial and lateral malleoli. Its superior aspect has a domed-shaped articular surface which is covered with articular cartilage and articulates with the inferior (distal) surface of the tibia. The medial surface of the body articulates with the lateral surface of the medial malleolus of the tibia. Inferior to this facet, the medial surface of the body presents with a roughened area. This area is attached to the deep part of the medial collateral ligament. The triangular lateral surface of the body of the talus possesses a triangular facet for articulation with the lateral malleolus of the fibula. The roughened apex at the inferior end of the lateral surface of the talar body...
2) The Knee
The knee is the largest and most weight bearing and kinetic chain influenced joint in the body. It is generally considered to be a modified hinge joint permitting free flexion and extension, complex motions of gliding, and rotation of the joint surfaces on each other. When flexed, the knee exhibits a large amount of free rotation. It affords great stability, especially in extension, with a wide range of motion. In general, the qualities of stability and mobility are to some extent less than compatible, with one prevailing at the detriment of the other. In the knee joint mobility and stability
are brought together...
are brought together...
3) The Shoulder Complex
Ligaments of the Shoulder
There are five ligaments associated with the shoulder. Some say seven are involved due to the three structures related to the glenohumeral joint. The glenoid labrum is a fibrocartilage “tire” shaped structure that attaches around the rim of the glenoid fossae and deepens the socket.4 The joint capsule
completely encircles the joint and is attached to the glenoid rim on one side and the anatomical neck of the humerus at the other end. Since the tendon of the long head of the...
completely encircles the joint and is attached to the glenoid rim on one side and the anatomical neck of the humerus at the other end. Since the tendon of the long head of the...